19. Describe the application of the principles of instrumental conditioning to the therapeutic situation (behavior modification). compare and contrast classical and instrumental conditioning.
Instrumental conditioning is used when trying to change a behavior. This is when a behavior is changed by learning the consequences of a situation. We as humans learn to act in way in which we get rewarded by instead of a punishment. Both instrumental and classical conditioning end in a way of learning. This in return does not mean that they are taught the same way. Classical conditioning was first developed by Ivan Pavlov, who was a russian psychologist. This process begins with putting a neutral signal before a reflex. Also it has a main focus of automatic behaviors. Instrumental conditioning was first designed by B.F. Skinner. This conditioning involves either a reinforcement or punishment after a certain behavior. This also relies on strengthening and weakening of voluntary behaviors.