38. Describe the different theories of motivation.
Motivation is defined today as a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. In trying to understand motivated behaviors, four perspectives have been developed. These four include instincts and evolutionary theories, drive reduction theory, arousal theory, and finally Maslow’s hierarchy.
As Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution grew, the trend of classifying different behaviors as instincts expanded. Soon enough the idea of naming instincts crashed. This was because the when you name a behavior you are not explaining it. To be considered a instinct, a behavior must have a fixed pattern throughout a species and be unlearned. This theory though failed to describe the the human motives.
The drive reduction theory then replaced the idea of evolution. This idea was that a physiological need creates an aroused state that drives the organism to reduce the need (page 419). This need comes from the focus of homeostasis, this is to keep the internal of the body at steady state. We are also motivate by the sense of having negative or positive stimuli in our environment. When need and an incentive are both involved at the same time, we are most likely to be driven to a certain decision.
Optimum arousal is the increased feeling of behaviors when we are motivated. We as humans work not to remove arousal but to get the maximum amounts of the arousal sensations. When the biological needs are filled we push to endure the stimulation and hunger for information. Although to large of amounts of stimulation from arousal at the same time can lead to stress to cause the arousal to decrease.
Finally, we have Abraham Maslow’s theory on are self motivation. He used a pyramid to describe what needs come before others that are less of importance. The first and the biggest of the tier are the physiological needs of things such as food and water. As each level of needs are met we move up in the tier of motivation to get to the next level. Psychologists have agreed on the fact that the four bottom tiers are the basic levels of motivation. This leaving the top two tiers of self-actualization needs and self- transcendence needs. These needs are the one’s that are commonly reached when someone is at there full potential with a good look on life. The pyramid although in ways are altered and order changed because of the values, beliefs, environment, and etc. of different people.
Artifact #1 http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
This is an article which describes in depth the theories behind the think of Maslow.
Artifact #2
The image on the the bottom left is of the pyramid created by Maslow for his ways of pursuing motivation.
Artifact #3
The image on the bottom right is of how the drive for something motivates us to get it and when we do receive what we want the drive is reduced.
Motivation is defined today as a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. In trying to understand motivated behaviors, four perspectives have been developed. These four include instincts and evolutionary theories, drive reduction theory, arousal theory, and finally Maslow’s hierarchy.
As Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution grew, the trend of classifying different behaviors as instincts expanded. Soon enough the idea of naming instincts crashed. This was because the when you name a behavior you are not explaining it. To be considered a instinct, a behavior must have a fixed pattern throughout a species and be unlearned. This theory though failed to describe the the human motives.
The drive reduction theory then replaced the idea of evolution. This idea was that a physiological need creates an aroused state that drives the organism to reduce the need (page 419). This need comes from the focus of homeostasis, this is to keep the internal of the body at steady state. We are also motivate by the sense of having negative or positive stimuli in our environment. When need and an incentive are both involved at the same time, we are most likely to be driven to a certain decision.
Optimum arousal is the increased feeling of behaviors when we are motivated. We as humans work not to remove arousal but to get the maximum amounts of the arousal sensations. When the biological needs are filled we push to endure the stimulation and hunger for information. Although to large of amounts of stimulation from arousal at the same time can lead to stress to cause the arousal to decrease.
Finally, we have Abraham Maslow’s theory on are self motivation. He used a pyramid to describe what needs come before others that are less of importance. The first and the biggest of the tier are the physiological needs of things such as food and water. As each level of needs are met we move up in the tier of motivation to get to the next level. Psychologists have agreed on the fact that the four bottom tiers are the basic levels of motivation. This leaving the top two tiers of self-actualization needs and self- transcendence needs. These needs are the one’s that are commonly reached when someone is at there full potential with a good look on life. The pyramid although in ways are altered and order changed because of the values, beliefs, environment, and etc. of different people.
Artifact #1 http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
This is an article which describes in depth the theories behind the think of Maslow.
Artifact #2
The image on the the bottom left is of the pyramid created by Maslow for his ways of pursuing motivation.
Artifact #3
The image on the bottom right is of how the drive for something motivates us to get it and when we do receive what we want the drive is reduced.